2.2O Productive affix-morphemes: group A prefixes.
2.21O intransitive (i hal di jumadi dot okonko tomodon-passive) prefixes
2.211 prefix m + stem: indicating process
-imot mimot oku I see
-atag matag oku I get better
-vozo mozo oku I follow
-odop modop oku I sleep
-ogom mogom oku I sit
-idu midu it soval the trouser comes off
-udou mudou it gula the sugar melts
-valiu maliu oku I move house
2.212 prefix mu + stem: indicating state of being
valai house muvalai oku diti I make, build a house now
kadai shop mukadai oku I make a shop (keep a shop)
-tanom plant mutanom oku I plant, I am planter
tagad ricefield mutagad oku I plant hill rice
kabun garden mukabun oku I am farmer
aki grandfather muaki oku dit NN I am grandchild of NN (male)
odu grandmother muodu oku dit NN I am grandchild of NN (female)
-vozo follow movozo oku dit NN (muvozo) I follow NN
in movozo the u-vowel of the prefix mu- assimilates to the o-vowel of the stem, because of the v-initial stem, see also 2.421 nominal affix combination pu + stem -an
2.213 infix -um- after stem initial consonant
rikot to come rumikot oku I come
-handab to burn humandab it valai the house burns down
-hali to exceed humali it sakit the sickness gets worse
kadai shop kumadai oku diti I go to the shop now
2.22O transitive (i hal do tomod posurut-active) prefixes
2.221 prefix ma- var. mo- + prenasalized substitution or nasal addition manga- + stem or mongo- + stem. The substitution of the initial plosive or fricative consonant by a nasal (if initial stem consonant is either voiceless plosive fricative or l and r
panau to go mamanau oku I go
ta'ud to guard mana'ud oku I watch
babo to carry mamabo oku I carry
bubul to mix momubul oku dot ginazu I mash rice
vagas rice mamagas oku I husk rice
vo'ug to wash momoug oku I wash up
valiu to move mamaliu oku I change position of something
vudut to lie momudut oku I lie
sukung to meassure monukung oku I measure
tanom to plant mananom oku I plant
tulung to assist monulung oku I help
kama to touch mangama oku I touch
kuvo to speak ?? monguvo oku I speak without naming
Nasal addition before stem initial voiced plosives (excluding b), fricatives glottal stops and the cons.h,r,l,
duat to question mongoduat oku I ask
dundung to cover mongodundung oku I make a shelter
gama to make mangagama oku I make something
guna to use mongoguna oku I use
havol to try mangahavol oku I grip in the dark
hanggum to measure mangahanggum oku I measure by hand full
radu plough mangaradu oku I plough
ramit to grip mangaramit oku I hold fast
lobong grave mongolobong oku I bury
ladtak to step mangaladtak oku I step onto
la'ab broad mangalaab oku I broaden, enlarge
idu to take away mongidu oku I take away
ovit to take along mongovit oku I bring,take with me
ada to put away mangada oku I throw away
orod to rounden mongorod oku I make round
ukab to open mongukab oku I open up
umo to open field mongumo oku I plant hill rice
zopos wet mongozopos oku I make wet
zazak to open knot mangazazak oku I untie knot
malun to accuse mangamalun oku I accuse
navau light manganavau oku I make light
jamin to be trusty mangajamin oku I guarantee
2.2220 prefix pa- var po- + prenasalized substitution as 2.221 describing action of subject substitution
panau to go pamanau oku I am one who goes
ta'ud to watch panaud oku I am one who watches
tanom to plant panamon oku I am one who plants
nasal addition
duat to question pongoduat oku I am one who asks
guna to use pongoguna oku I am one who uses
radu plough pangaradu oku I am one who ploughs
pangajamin oku I am one who guarantees
2.2221 prefix pa- var. po- + ko (var.ka-) action of substituted usage
asu dog pokoasu to treat as a dog
2.223O prefix p- + vowel, assimilating to first stem vowel: indicating causative action
(causative- to make do, see,.sleep)
imot pemot oku dot ulun I make visible to people (show)
atag patag oku I put in order
odop podop oku I make sleep
ogom pogom oku I set down
inum penum oku di NN I give NN a drink
panau papanau oku dikau I make you go, let you go
ta'ud pataud oku dikau I make you a watchman
tangkus patangkus oku dikau I let you run
compare also. po+ stem+ on + nominal personal suffix
inum penumon-ku ikau I shall give you a drink
but pinenum oku di NN I was given a drink by NN
om pinenum-ku it NN I gave NN a drink
2.2231 prefix p + u + stem indicating "master or way of" action
agai puagai master of adultery
boros puboros speaker
longoi pulongoi tune, singer
2.224 prefix k- + vowel assimilating to first stem vowel or contracting with vowel initial: function realisation of action or conclusion of process, also potentiality of action
rikot korikot oku I am here (have arrived)
gama kagama iti it is made
imot kemot oku I being visible
Also. with plural infix -anga- var. ongo-
kongimot-ku kavi my seeing all
kongimot oku dot ulun wholly visible to people
2.225 prefix combination kapa- var. kopo- + nasal substitution or addition function: realisation of 2.22 2, describes person who has finished with the action: having realized
boros speech kopomoros oku I have said, have been speaking
tanom plant kapananom oku I have been planting
kirim order kokirim oku I have ordered
For reading praxis read the little story :
8. Mongimpori
Mangagama i Aarun do simbubut. Mangagamai i Asun do paana. Minonong ioti maamana om monimbubut sid kazu. Oubas-po ioti, mogihim-no dot ombolog.
Maamana i Asun, monimbubut-no i Arun. Konong i Asun dot ongkukul. Konong i Arun do tubuvan. Aratu-opo, sopulan–no dioti it ombolog. Banalko otomon i Arun, tu agazo i tobuvan. Amu otomon banal i Asun, tu baiko ongkukul i dau.
I Asun om i Arun ogumu ot elaaan mongimpori. Ioti dino sompi kiasu dot avantang. I di Asun dot aso aragang, i di Arun buris. I ngaran dit asu di Arun i Buris im i ngaran dit aso di Asun i Bugog. Bang mamanau-no ioti sid himbaan, kukuon-no di Asun om i Arun i Bugog om i Burris, nga gumusa-no mozo.
Korikot-po ioti sid himbaan, kugad-no it asu dioti dino. >I Asun om i Arun dino miuvas nga amu songkuro om anu. Inot asu di Asun om i Arun banalko musig om orongit-po. Olimbozo banall inot asu di vAsun om i di Arun. Siombo-n opo o paamaanahan, ngfa mozoi.
I Asun om i Arun ong miuvas-no, misogulu mitohudi ioti dino, tu miradi kalangkaso tumangkus.
2.21O intransitive (i hal di jumadi dot okonko tomodon-passive) prefixes
2.211 prefix m + stem: indicating process
-imot mimot oku I see
-atag matag oku I get better
-vozo mozo oku I follow
-odop modop oku I sleep
-ogom mogom oku I sit
-idu midu it soval the trouser comes off
-udou mudou it gula the sugar melts
-valiu maliu oku I move house
2.212 prefix mu + stem: indicating state of being
valai house muvalai oku diti I make, build a house now
kadai shop mukadai oku I make a shop (keep a shop)
-tanom plant mutanom oku I plant, I am planter
tagad ricefield mutagad oku I plant hill rice
kabun garden mukabun oku I am farmer
aki grandfather muaki oku dit NN I am grandchild of NN (male)
odu grandmother muodu oku dit NN I am grandchild of NN (female)
-vozo follow movozo oku dit NN (muvozo) I follow NN
in movozo the u-vowel of the prefix mu- assimilates to the o-vowel of the stem, because of the v-initial stem, see also 2.421 nominal affix combination pu + stem -an
2.213 infix -um- after stem initial consonant
rikot to come rumikot oku I come
-handab to burn humandab it valai the house burns down
-hali to exceed humali it sakit the sickness gets worse
kadai shop kumadai oku diti I go to the shop now
2.22O transitive (i hal do tomod posurut-active) prefixes
2.221 prefix ma- var. mo- + prenasalized substitution or nasal addition manga- + stem or mongo- + stem. The substitution of the initial plosive or fricative consonant by a nasal (if initial stem consonant is either voiceless plosive fricative or l and r
panau to go mamanau oku I go
ta'ud to guard mana'ud oku I watch
babo to carry mamabo oku I carry
bubul to mix momubul oku dot ginazu I mash rice
vagas rice mamagas oku I husk rice
vo'ug to wash momoug oku I wash up
valiu to move mamaliu oku I change position of something
vudut to lie momudut oku I lie
sukung to meassure monukung oku I measure
tanom to plant mananom oku I plant
tulung to assist monulung oku I help
kama to touch mangama oku I touch
kuvo to speak ?? monguvo oku I speak without naming
Nasal addition before stem initial voiced plosives (excluding b), fricatives glottal stops and the cons.h,r,l,
duat to question mongoduat oku I ask
dundung to cover mongodundung oku I make a shelter
gama to make mangagama oku I make something
guna to use mongoguna oku I use
havol to try mangahavol oku I grip in the dark
hanggum to measure mangahanggum oku I measure by hand full
radu plough mangaradu oku I plough
ramit to grip mangaramit oku I hold fast
lobong grave mongolobong oku I bury
ladtak to step mangaladtak oku I step onto
la'ab broad mangalaab oku I broaden, enlarge
idu to take away mongidu oku I take away
ovit to take along mongovit oku I bring,take with me
ada to put away mangada oku I throw away
orod to rounden mongorod oku I make round
ukab to open mongukab oku I open up
umo to open field mongumo oku I plant hill rice
zopos wet mongozopos oku I make wet
zazak to open knot mangazazak oku I untie knot
malun to accuse mangamalun oku I accuse
navau light manganavau oku I make light
jamin to be trusty mangajamin oku I guarantee
2.2220 prefix pa- var po- + prenasalized substitution as 2.221 describing action of subject substitution
panau to go pamanau oku I am one who goes
ta'ud to watch panaud oku I am one who watches
tanom to plant panamon oku I am one who plants
nasal addition
duat to question pongoduat oku I am one who asks
guna to use pongoguna oku I am one who uses
radu plough pangaradu oku I am one who ploughs
pangajamin oku I am one who guarantees
2.2221 prefix pa- var. po- + ko (var.ka-) action of substituted usage
asu dog pokoasu to treat as a dog
2.223O prefix p- + vowel, assimilating to first stem vowel: indicating causative action
(causative- to make do, see,.sleep)
imot pemot oku dot ulun I make visible to people (show)
atag patag oku I put in order
odop podop oku I make sleep
ogom pogom oku I set down
inum penum oku di NN I give NN a drink
panau papanau oku dikau I make you go, let you go
ta'ud pataud oku dikau I make you a watchman
tangkus patangkus oku dikau I let you run
compare also. po+ stem+ on + nominal personal suffix
inum penumon-ku ikau I shall give you a drink
but pinenum oku di NN I was given a drink by NN
om pinenum-ku it NN I gave NN a drink
2.2231 prefix p + u + stem indicating "master or way of" action
agai puagai master of adultery
boros puboros speaker
longoi pulongoi tune, singer
2.224 prefix k- + vowel assimilating to first stem vowel or contracting with vowel initial: function realisation of action or conclusion of process, also potentiality of action
rikot korikot oku I am here (have arrived)
gama kagama iti it is made
imot kemot oku I being visible
Also. with plural infix -anga- var. ongo-
kongimot-ku kavi my seeing all
kongimot oku dot ulun wholly visible to people
2.225 prefix combination kapa- var. kopo- + nasal substitution or addition function: realisation of 2.22 2, describes person who has finished with the action: having realized
boros speech kopomoros oku I have said, have been speaking
tanom plant kapananom oku I have been planting
kirim order kokirim oku I have ordered
For reading praxis read the little story :
8. Mongimpori
Mangagama i Aarun do simbubut. Mangagamai i Asun do paana. Minonong ioti maamana om monimbubut sid kazu. Oubas-po ioti, mogihim-no dot ombolog.
Maamana i Asun, monimbubut-no i Arun. Konong i Asun dot ongkukul. Konong i Arun do tubuvan. Aratu-opo, sopulan–no dioti it ombolog. Banalko otomon i Arun, tu agazo i tobuvan. Amu otomon banal i Asun, tu baiko ongkukul i dau.
I Asun om i Arun ogumu ot elaaan mongimpori. Ioti dino sompi kiasu dot avantang. I di Asun dot aso aragang, i di Arun buris. I ngaran dit asu di Arun i Buris im i ngaran dit aso di Asun i Bugog. Bang mamanau-no ioti sid himbaan, kukuon-no di Asun om i Arun i Bugog om i Burris, nga gumusa-no mozo.
Korikot-po ioti sid himbaan, kugad-no it asu dioti dino. >I Asun om i Arun dino miuvas nga amu songkuro om anu. Inot asu di Asun om i Arun banalko musig om orongit-po. Olimbozo banall inot asu di vAsun om i di Arun. Siombo-n opo o paamaanahan, ngfa mozoi.
I Asun om i Arun ong miuvas-no, misogulu mitohudi ioti dino, tu miradi kalangkaso tumangkus.
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